{"id":14467,"date":"2023-07-11T22:23:32","date_gmt":"2023-07-11T22:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/?p=14467"},"modified":"2023-11-23T09:46:40","modified_gmt":"2023-11-23T14:46:40","slug":"case-summary-r-v-kirk-2008-ewca-crim-434","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/case-summary-r-v-kirk-2008-ewca-crim-434","title":{"rendered":"Case Summary: R v Kirk [2008] EWCA Crim 434"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-legal-principles-and-key-points\"><strong>Legal Principles and Key Points<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the case of R v Kirk [2008] EWCA Crim 434, it was held that sexual favours in exchange for something such as money or something required by the desperate\/vulnerable person can constitute as done without their consent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Facts of R v Kirk [2008] EWCA Crim 434<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The V, a minor, was offered \u00a33.25 by the D in exchange for sex<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V was (at the time) vulnerable: not only was she underaged, she also did not have shelter nor anything to eat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V agreed to this, and the 14-year-old used that money to buy food<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The D was convicted of rape<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He appealed on the basis that the judge was incorrect in his direction to the jury where he distinguished between consent and submission as well as applying it to the facts: \u2018Did she agree to have sex, or did she just submit to get \u00a33.25?\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Issues in R v Kirk [2008] EWCA Crim 434<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Was the judge incorrect in his direction to the jury?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Should the term \u2018willing submission\u2019 be used?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Held by the Court of Appeal<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Appeal dismissed \u2013 the judge had not misdirected the jury.<\/p><div id=\"caree-1108400392\" class=\"caree-within-the-content caree-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/10\/MRF-169650-in-article-336x280-1.png\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/10\/MRF-169650-in-article-336x280-1.png 448w, https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/10\/MRF-169650-in-article-336x280-1-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" width=\"448\" height=\"373\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lord Justice Pill<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cno injustice has been done by the procedure followed\u201d [44]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Willing submission [92]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cThe expression \u201cwilling submission\u201d is not an easy one in this context. Willingness is usually associated with consent. However, we are satisfied that the jury would not, in the context of this very full direction, have been misled by the use of the word \u201cwilling\u201d.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cIt was willing in the sense that there was no attempt at physical resistance by the Complainant and the judge used it in that sense. That leaves open the possibility that the circumstances were such that the Complainant submitted to sexual intercourse rather than consented to it.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cIt is not, however, an expression we would commend for use on other occasions.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Legal Principles and Key Points Facts of R v Kirk [2008] EWCA Crim 434 Issues in R v Kirk [2008] EWCA Crim 434 Held by the Court of Appeal Appeal dismissed \u2013 the judge had not misdirected the jury. Lord Justice Pill \u201cno injustice has been done by the procedure followed\u201d [44] Willing submission [92]:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":13103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-14467","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-case-summaries","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.4 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Case Summary: R v Kirk [2008] EWCA Crim 434 | Careerinlaw.net 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