{"id":14040,"date":"2023-07-07T19:46:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T19:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/?p=14040"},"modified":"2023-11-23T09:44:49","modified_gmt":"2023-11-23T14:44:49","slug":"case-summary-hill-v-chief-constable-of-west-yorkshire-1989-ac-53","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/case-summary-hill-v-chief-constable-of-west-yorkshire-1989-ac-53","title":{"rendered":"Case Summary: Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-legal-principles-and-key-points\"><strong>Legal Principles and Key Points<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the case of Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53, a policy decision absolved the Constabulary of West Yorkshire from owing a duty of care to the final victim of a horrendous serial killer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A policy decision is one which seeks to protect public authorities (e.g. the police, medical practices, fire brigades etc) from liability as, unless it existed, far too many claims would flood the courts system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Facts of the Case<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The \u2018Yorkshire ripper\u2019, Peter Sutcliffe, was a notorious serial killer that ravaged the areas of Leeds, Bradford and Manchester in the 1970s and early 1980s, killing over a dozen people and attempting to murder eight others; his victims were females \u2013 prostitutes or women walking unaccompanied (usually young)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The police conducted investigations in the areas with reported crimes, not only failing to arrest Sutcliffe for over a decade, but failing to identify him on several occasions when his car was detected at road stops and failing to detect and appropriately recognise his voice after Sutcliffe had called the police (amid other acts of police negligence)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jacqueline Hill was a university student in Leeds and was to become Sutcliffe\u2019s last victim after she was murdered in 1980, aged 20<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Issues in Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jacqueline Hill\u2019s estate (her mother) brought a negligence claim against the Chief Constable of West Yorkshire, alleging that the police failed in their investigatory duties in the area that had experienced the most murders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Held by the House of Lords &nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Appeal dismissed \u2013 held that Sutcliffe had not escaped police custody as he had not been arrested, hence, the police had not acted negligently<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Just because V was a young female, this did not automatically assign a duty of care to her on the police; no obligation for the police to apprehend and identify an unknown criminal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lord Keith of Kinkel<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Provided the main part of the judgement\u2019s ratio decidendi focusing on the remoteness of the likelihood of J. Hill being the exact next victim of Sutcliffe as a result of the police\u2019s actions; Lord Brandon of Oakbrook, Lord Oliver of Aylmerton and Lord Goff of Chieveley followed Lord Keith\u2019s draft submission and were also persuaded to dismiss the appeal<\/p><div id=\"caree-1148631420\" class=\"caree-within-the-content caree-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/10\/MRF-169650-in-article-336x280-1.png\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/10\/MRF-169650-in-article-336x280-1.png 448w, https:\/\/careerinlaw.net\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/10\/MRF-169650-in-article-336x280-1-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" width=\"448\" height=\"373\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2018So the common law, while laying upon chief officers of police an obligation to enforce the law, makes no specific requirements as to the manner in which the obligation is to be discharged.\u2019 [at p.59]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2018Miss Hill was one of a vast number of the female general public who might be at risk from his activities but was at no special distinctive risk in relation to them, unlike the owners of yachts moored off Brownsea Island in relation to the foreseeable conduct of the Borstal boys. [compared Hill\u2019s case to the Dorset Yacht Club case]\u2019 [at p.62]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2018The alleged negligence of the police consists in a failure to discover his identity. But if there is no general duty of care owed to individual members of the public by the responsible authorities to prevent the escape of a known criminal or to recapture him, there cannot reasonably be imposed upon any police force a duty of care similarly owed to identify and apprehend an unknown one. Miss Hill cannot for this purpose be regarded as a person at special risk simply because she was young and female.\u2019 [at p.62]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lord Templeman<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dismissed the appeal and commented on the so-called public policy decisions protecting public authorities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2018The threat of litigation against a police force would not make a policeman more efficient. The necessity for defending proceedings, successfully or unsuccessfully, would distract the policeman from his duties.\u2019 [at p.65]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Legal Principles and Key Points Facts of the Case Issues in Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53 Held by the House of Lords &nbsp; Lord Keith of Kinkel Provided the main part of the judgement\u2019s ratio decidendi focusing on the remoteness of the likelihood of J. Hill being the exact next [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":13103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-case-summaries","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.4 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Case Summary: Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53 | Careerinlaw.net | UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the case of Hill v Chief 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